最新号のScienceに、Dr. TKのラボからCyotonemesに関するアップデートとなる論文が登場。で、Cytonemesってナニ？ということである。
Specificity of Drosophila Cytonemes for Distinct Signaling Pathways
Cytonemes are types of filopodia in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc that are proposed to serve as conduits in which morphogen signaling proteins move between producing and target cells. We investigated the specificity of cytonemes that are made by target cells. Cells in wing discs made cytonemes that responded specifically to Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and cells in eye discs made cytonemes that responded specifically to Spitz (the Drosophila epidermal growth factor protein). Tracheal cells had at least two types: one made in response to Branchless (a Drosophila fibroblast growth factor protein, Bnl), to which they segregate the Bnl receptor, and another to which they segregate the Dpp receptor. We conclude that cells can make several types of cytonemes, each of which responds specifically to a signaling pathway by means of the selective presence of a particular signaling protein receptor that has been localized to that cytoneme.
Cytonemes are types of filopodia in the Drosophila wing imaginal disc that are proposed to serve as conduits in which morphogen signaling proteins move between producing and target cells. We investigated the specificity of cytonemes that are made by target cells. Cells in wing discs made cytonemes that responded specifically to Decapentaplegic (Dpp) and cells in eye discs made cytonemes that responded specifically to Spitz (the Drosophila epidermal growth factor protein). Tracheal cells had at least two types: one made in response to Branchless (a Drosophila fibroblast growth factor protein, Bnl), to which they segregate the Bnl receptor, and another to which they segregate the Dpp receptor. We conclude that cells can make several types of cytonemes, each of which responds specifically to a signaling pathway by means of the selective presence of a particular signaling protein receptor that has been localized to that cytoneme.
いや、cytonemesというものがどういうものかは大体知っていたつもりだけども、今回の論文でさらに示唆されているcytonemesの機能はこれまた非常に奇妙ではあるが重要な発見であることは間違いない。今回の報告によれば、組織によって特定のシグナルに対するcytonemesの反応性（伸長の程度や方向）が異なる、そしてシグナルを受容する細胞達はいくつかの異なるsignaling pathwayに対する特異的なタイプのcytonemesを作り出すことが出来る、つまりその各々のタイプのcytonemesはある特定のsignaling pathwayのインプットを得るために特定のレセプタータンパクのみを別々のcytonemesに局在させてシグナルを発信している細胞に向けて伸長するという、ちょっとにわかには信じられないようなことが示されている。このcytonemesを介したシグナル伝達という概念はcell-cell communicationにおける非常に重要なものの一つであるはずなのだが、普段cell-cell communicationのことを考えている時にこのcytonemesなるものがあんまり考慮に入っていない気がする（自分だけだろうか？）。
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